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IPMI 2021 poster

Segmentation with Multiple Acceptable Annotations: A Case Study of Myocardial Segmentation in Contrast Echocardiography

Authors: Dewen Zeng (University of Notre Dame)*; Mingqi Li (Guangdong General Hospital ); Yukun Ding (University of Notre Dame); Xiaowei Xu (Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital); Qiu Xie (Guangdong General Hospital ); Ruixue Xu (Guangdong General Hospital); Hongwen Fei (Guangdong General Hospital ); Meiping Huang (Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital); Jian Zhuang (Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital); Yiyu Shi (University of Notre Dame)

Poster

Abstract: Most existing deep learning-based frameworks for image segmentation assume that a unique ground truth is known and can be used for performance evaluation. This is true for many applications, but not all. Myocardial segmentation of Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography (MCE), a critical task in automatic myocardial perfusion analysis, is an example. Due to the low resolution and serious artifacts in MCE data, annotations from different cardiologists can vary significantly, and it is hard to tell which one is the best. In this case, how can we find a good way to evaluate segmentation performance and how do we train the neural network? In this paper, we address the first problem by proposing a new extended Dice to effectively evaluate the segmentation performance when multiple accepted ground truth is available. Then based on our proposed metric, we solve the second problem by further incorporating the new metric into a loss function that enables neural networks to flexibly learn general features of myocardium. Experiment results on our clinical MCE data set demonstrate that the neural network trained with the proposed loss function outperforms those existing ones that try to obtain a unique ground truth from multiple annotations, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Finally, our grading study shows that using extended Dice as an evaluation metric can better identify segmentation results that need manual correction compared with using Dice.